介詞疑難點突破
一、介詞是英語中最活躍的詞之一。介詞除本身具有一定的意思之外，還常和其他的詞搭配在一起，表示不同的意思，因此介詞是中考的熱點詞匯之一。介詞在中考中約占7%，幾乎在各種題型都有體現。中考對介詞的考查主要集中在：
1、常用介詞及其詞組的主要用法和意義；
2、常用動詞、形容詞與介詞、副詞的固定搭配及其意義。
二、疑難點
（一）表示時間的介詞
1． at, in ，on
(1) at表示“在某一時刻、某一時點。 at six 在6點 at last 在最后
（2）in表示“在某月、季節、年、世紀”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。 in September in winter in 1999 in the 20th century in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on表示“在具體某一天或某天的上、下午”。指具體某一天的上、下午、晚上、夜間，也用on,如：on Monday on April 1st On the afternoon of May 23 on a cold morning
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day.
2．from, since, for
(1) from表示“時間的起點”(從…)。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么時間來都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考試將從上午九點開始。
(2) since表示“自從……以來（直到現在）”
He has been away from home since 1973. 他自從1973年就離開了家鄉。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我們十年前就認識了。
(3) for 與since表示一段時間，但for與時間段連用，而since與時間點連用。
for two hours/ since six o’clock
3．after, in, within
(1) after表示“在……之后”，是before的反義詞。
“after+將來點時間”表示將來的某一時刻以后。
“after+段時間”表示過去的一段時間以后；
We’ll hold a party after 8：00. 八點后我們將舉辦晚會。
We are going to climb the hill the day after tomorrow
He returned after two weeks.
He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌癥，一年后去世了
(2) in 后面接過去的時間點表過去，若后面接一段時間，則表示“在……時間之后”
I was born in 1983.我出生于1983年。
My father will come back in three days.我爸爸將會在3天后回來。
Lily will take part in planting trees in ten days.
(3) within“在……時間之內”
I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小時就可把它做完。
（二）表示“地點、方向”的介詞：
1．in, outside, between, among
(1) in表示“在……里面”，如：What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么？
(2) outside指“在……外面”There are many people outside the room.
(3) between在……之間（指二者）The building stands between the park and the small river. 那棟建筑位于公園和小河之間。
(4)among在……之間（指三者以上）
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2．on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面，表面相互接觸。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一個蘋果。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”，與below相對。
A plane flew above our heads. 一架飛機從我們頭上飛過。
The Turners live above us. 特納一家人住在我們的上面。
(3) over“在……正上方”，與under相對。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座橋。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那張圖掛在黑板的正上方。
(4) below在……下方，低于……
There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees. 她的裙子剛到膝蓋下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking. 他們坐在一棵大樹下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么？
3．near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近，與far相對，表示的距離比by和beside稍遠些，也時常換用
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火車站附近建了一所醫院。
My home is near the school. 我的家離學校很近。
Don't play near the road. 不要在馬路附近玩。
There is a post office near No. 1 Middle School. 第一中學附近有一所郵局。
（2）by和beside均表示“在……旁邊”，常可換用
例：There is a chair by the table. 桌子邊上有一把椅子。
She stood by the window. 她站在窗邊。
The hotel is beside /by the river. 那家飯店在河邊。
Come and sit beside /by me. 過來，坐在我邊上。
Put your shoes beside mine. 把你的鞋子放在我的鞋子旁邊。
4．in front of, in the front of , behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面 , 其反義詞是behind（在……的后面）;in the front of表示“在……前部”，指里面，反義詞是at the back of…（在……范圍內的后部）。
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一條河
There is a red chair in the front of the room. 在房間前半部有把紅椅子。
(2) behind在……后面 The cat lies behind the door. 貓躺在門后面。
(3) around在……周圍，圍繞
There are many trees around the village.村子周圍有很多樹圍繞。
5．along, across, through
(1) along沿著 He likes to drive along the river.他喜歡沿著河開車。
(2) across 橫過,對面,交叉,在...的對面.
We live across the street.
My house is just across the river. 我的房子就在河對岸。
Can you swim across the river？
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.這個小女孩不敢橫穿馬路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑著穿越繁忙的馬路是很危險的。
(3) through穿過 It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.開車穿過這條隧道花了我們10分鐘時間。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他從人群里擠到了站臺。
6．at, in
二者都表示“在某個地方”，但at多指較小的地方，如車站、家等，而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、國家、大洲等。（但大小有時也是相對的）。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan Road in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27號。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飛機將于13點到達北京。
（三）其它用途的介詞：
1．表示“標準或單位”的介詞：at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……價格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小時8英里的速度行駛。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高價出售了我的汽車。
2．表示“材料”的介詞：of, from
(1) of表示從成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.這個盒子是紙做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries. 這種沙拉是由蘋果和草莓做的。
(2) from表示從成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麥做的。
3．表示“工具或手段”的介詞：by, with, on
(1) by憑借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如：
by bus乘公共汽車，by plane乘飛機 by bike騎車
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通過電子郵件發給了我這一消息。
(2) with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石頭把玻璃打碎了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用右腳把球停住。
(3) on以……方式。多用于固定詞組。
They talked on the telephone.他們通過電話進行交談。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通過收音機/電視學英語。
4．besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。 He is interested in tennis besides（as well as）football.除了足球，他還對網球感興趣。
（1）besides是包括后面所提人或物在內的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”，表示兩部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，還有25個學生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英語外，我們還喜歡生物。（生物和英語都喜歡）
（2）except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每個人都很激動。（他們激動，而我卻不激動）
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）
5．in the end, at the end
（1）in the end 的意思是“最后，終歸（相當于finally, after all）”；at the end的意思是“終于（相當于at last）”，后面多與of連用。
In the end we won the match. 最后我們贏得了比賽。
We shall have an examination at the end of the term. 期末時我們要進行一次考試。
（2）at the end of還能表示“在……終點處”，例如：
You will find the hospital at the end of the road. 在這條路的終點處你會看到那所醫院。
6．be strict with, be strict in
通常情況下，表示“對某人嚴格要求”時，用be strict with；表示“在……方面嚴格要求”,用be strict in，比較： Teachers must be strict with their students and parents must be strict with their children. 老師對學生要嚴格要求，父母對子女要嚴格要求。
All of us must be strict in our work. 我們大家對工作都要嚴格要求。
7．at, to（與come, throw等詞連用）
這兩個介詞都可以用來表示方向,有“朝……”之意，但它們與come, throw等詞連用時，at常含有“惡意”，to則無此意，比較：
The man came at me with a big stone. 那人手里拿著一塊大石頭向我撲來。
Soon they came to the river bank. 不久他們就來到了岸邊。
He threw a big stone at the dog. 他扔石頭打狗。
He threw a bone to the dog. 他朝狗扔去一塊骨頭。
8．in, to（表示“方位”的詞連用）
in和to都可與表示“方位”的詞（如east, west, south, north）連用，表示A在B的范圍內（即A是B的組成部分之一）時用in；A和B之間沒有所屬關系時用to，比較：
Our school is in the west of the town. 我們學校在城西。（學校屬城的一部分）
Our school is to the west of the hospital. 我們學校在醫院的西面。（學校和醫院之間無所屬關系）
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。（上海屬中國這個范圍）
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國東面。（日本與中國之間無所屬關系）
9．laugh at, have a laugh over
當laugh為動詞時，后接介詞at表示“嘲笑某人或某事”；當laugh為名詞時，后接介詞over表示“對某事笑了個夠”，比較：
Don't laugh at the little child. 別嘲笑那個小孩。
They both laughed at the idea. 他們倆人都嘲笑這個想法。
He was laughed at by his friends. 他被朋友們嘲笑了。
We had a good laugh over what he said. 我們對他說的話笑了個夠。
Dad and I had a good laugh over that. 我和父親對此笑了個夠。
補充：1.某些既能做及物動詞又能做不及物動詞的詞，其后加不加介詞會引起含義上的變化。
know sb. 認識某人 know about sb.知道有關某人的一些情況
shoot sb. 射中某人 shoot at sb.瞄準某人射擊
search sb. 搜某人的身 search for sb. 為找某人而進行的搜索
believe sb. 相信某人說的話 believe in sb. 信任某人
2.in the tree 在樹上（不是樹上自然生長的） on the tree 在樹上（是樹上自然生長的）
eg. There is a bird in the tree. There are lots of bananas on the banana tree.
3.in the wall 在墻上（指嵌在墻里） on the wall 在墻上（在墻的表面）
4.to既是介詞（后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞），又是動詞不定式符號（后跟動詞原形）。下列含有to的詞組中to都是介詞，應特別注意。
pay attention to… make a contribution to… according to… thanks to… get used to… look forward to… prefer…to…
中考考例：
1.(2009朝陽區二模) Lingling came to school ______ 7:30 this morning.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
2.(2009宣武區二模)My uncle arrived at the airport ___ the morning of May 3rd.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
3.(2009西城區二模)The story which moved us a lot happened _____ May 12th,2008.
A. in B. on C. at D. by
4.(2008杭州)She will leave her homework _______ the teacher’s desk after school today.
A. from B. to C. for D. on
5.(2008廣東)I hear that he will be back_______ two weeks’ time.
A. at B. in C. after D. for
6.(2008長春)——Mary, would you like to go hiking ____ me?
——Yes, I’d love to.
A. in B. at C. to D. with
7.(2008河北)You must ride your bike _____ the right side of the road.
A. at B. on C. in D. for
8.(2008四川瀘州)They visited their new English teacher ______ Monday.
A. in B. at C. on
9.(2008北京)Peter uaually gets up early ___ the morning.
A. on B. in C. at D. of
10.(2008河南)We will never forget what happened ___ the afternoon of May 12th ,2008.
A. in B. by C. at D. on
11.(2008重慶)I go to school ___ 8 o’clock in the morning.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
12.(2008上海)The plane will take off ___ an hour. Please check in right now.
A. at B. in C. on D. to
13.(2008攀枝花)——Why did you go swimming _____ Tom?
——Because he was ill at home.
A. with B. besides C. beside D. except
14.(2008 南通)Our English teacher was standing ____ us so that she could hear us clearly.
A. away from B. far behind C. between D. among
15.(2007天津)I have just hear on the radio that Nanjing Road is jammed ____ cars.
A. in B. on C. with D. at
16.（2007福州）——When did Hong Kong return to our mainland?
——_____ July 1st,1997.
A. On B. In C. At D. For
17.（2007鎮江）_____ the money that Mr Brown _____, poor Mary could go back to school again.
A. In; offered B. With; offered C. In; was offered D. With; was offered
18.(2007 陜西)We have been good friends ____ we joined the same ping-pang team.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
19.(2007太原)——Oh, so many people in the amusement park!
——Nobody likes to stay at home ______ Sunday morning.
A. in B. on C. at
20.(2007吉林)——It’s necessary for us to take one hour’s exercise every day.
——I agree ______ you.
A. at B. to C. on D. with
21.（2007黃岡）——I hear you have got a ticket _____ the Opening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
——Yes. I got it _____ my uncle.
A. of; from B. to; by C. to; from D. for; to
22.（2008常州）The group of soldiers arrived ______ a small town _____ a rainy morning.
A. at; on B. at; in C. in; on D. in; in
23.(2008江蘇)Shanghai lies_______ the east of China and ____ the northeast of Guangdong.
A. in; to B. in; in C. to; to D. to; in
24.(2008連云港)——Is the tie made _____ silk?
—— Yes, it’s made _______ Itay.
A. from; in B. of; in C. from; of D. of; from
25.(2007 河北)Can you find New York ______ this map of America?
A. in B. at C. of D. on
習題：
一. 用介詞填空。
1.The bird is flying my head.
2.There is a bridge the river.
3.He put his watch the desk.
4.There is a cat the table.
5.Please write your name the line
6.There are some flowers the house
7.There is a blackboard our classroom
8.Our teacher stands the classroom
9.There are some flowers the house
二. 選擇最佳答案。
1. The plane arrived at London airport ______ Wednesday.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
2. What do you usually do ________ Christmas?
A. on B. at C. in D. for
3. The first class begins _______ 8 o’clock ______ the morning.
A. at/on B. at/in C. on /in D. on/on
4.We will be in Nanjing _____ Tuesday ______Thursday.
A. on/ through B. on/to C. from/to D. on./till
5. We will have a football match _____ this Saturday afternoon..
A. on B. / C. in D. for
6. He came to see you _____ the evening of May 10th.
A. in B. at C. on D. for
7. The supermarket is still open ______ midnight.
A. at B. on C. till D. /
8. Days are longer ______ summer than ___________ winter.
A. in/in B. in/on C. from/to D. to/in
9. Children get presents ________ Christmas and ______ their birthday. Granny is coming for lunch________ Christmas day.
A. at/on/on B. on/on/on C. at/in/at D. in/on/in
10.________ New Year’s Eve people usually don’t go to bed until midnight.
A. At B. On C. For D. In
11. Tom and Paul usually watch TV ______ weekends.
A. at B. in C. for D. /
12. He said that he would meet us ____ the cinema.
A. in B. at C. on D. of
13. There are many beautiful birds ______ the tree.
A. on B. at C. in D. besides
14. Lucy is waiting _____ No.3 bus stop ________ her father.
A. for/for B. for/at C. at/for D. at/at
15. Do you often listen ________the program ________ the radio.
A. to/of B. to /in C. to/on D. on /to
16. Can you tell me the way ______ Shanghai Zoo?
A. to B. at C. for D. towards
17. Thank you _______ your coming.
A. to B. of C. by D. for
18. Mr Li is going to help him ________ his Chinese this afternoon.
A. with B. on C. by D. at
19. Let me introduce her _______ you.
A. with B. on C. to D. for
20. Tom has made friends_____ many Chinese students.
A. with B. to C. by D. among
21. Can you find out the answer__________ these questions?
A. of B. for C. to D. with
22.China lies ____ the east of Asia and ____ the north of Australia
A. to; to B. in; to C. to; in D. in; on
23. Can you sing this song _____ English?
A. with B. in C. by D. for
24. Who is the boy _____ blue trousers?
A. in B. on C. with D. at
25. Don’t read _____ the sun. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. under/of B. in/towards C. in/ for D. under/for
26. How many students go to school _____ foot?
A. by B. in C. on D. with
27. I will make a trip _____ Europe this summer.
A. for B to C with D. of
28. My mother send a postcard____ me every year.
A. to B. for C. by D. with
29. Let’s make a cake_______ Daming; he likes cakes.
A. to B. for C. by D. with
30. There are lots of animals ________ the grassland.
A. at B. on C. in D. by
參考答案：
中考題
1-5 ACBDB 6-10 DBCBD 11-15 ABDDC 16-20ABCBD 21-25 CAABD
習題
一．1.above 2. over 3. on 4. under 5. below 6. in front of 7. in the front of 8. in the front of 9. in front of
二．
1-5 A B B C B 6-10 C A A A B 11-15 A B C C C
16-20 A D A C A 21-25 C B B A C 26-30 C B A B B
