新目標英語九年級6-10單元階段復習
二、要點剖析
1.詞語辨析
(1)would like與want
二者都有“想要”的含義,但would like較want更加委婉。二者后面都可接“名詞或不定式”,也可接“名詞+不定式”的結構,would like在口語中常說成“’d like”,可適用于所有人稱;而want則要根據人稱和數的變化而變化。在語言表達中,二者大多可以互換使用,但在語氣的委婉程度上是有差別,這一點在具體的語言環境中要注意。例如:
She wants a cup of coffee. = She’d like a cup of coffee. 她想要一杯咖啡。
His uncle would like to buy a new car. = His uncle wants to buy a new car. 他叔叔想買輛新車。
My friends want to play soccer after school. = My friends would like to play soccer after school. 我的朋友想在放學后踢足球。
(2)show與display
show的使用范圍很廣,也常用在非正式場合。例如:Please show me your hands. 請把手伸出來看看。
This last sentence shows you what will happen.最后一句向你展示要發生什么。
display強調“擺出來給人家看,或把要給人家看的東西精心陳列出來,以期待好的展示效果”。例如:The peacock is displaying its fine feathers.這只孔雀在展示自己美麗的羽毛。
(2)through與across
二者都可譯為“穿過”,但through是指從空間較狹窄的一頭“穿”行到另一頭,常指從事物(氛圍)內部穿過,含義與in有關系。
across是指從一條線或某一事物的表面的一邊到另一邊,常可譯為“橫過”,“橫穿”,含義與in有關。例如:
The train is running through the tunnel. 火車正從隧道中穿過。
It’s dangerous to go across the road when traffic lights are red. 紅燈亮時過馬路很危險。
(3)because, as, since, for
這四個詞都是表示各種理由的連詞。但because多表示所敘述的理由是本句的重點,故because所引導的從句多放于句末。例如:
Why am I leaving? I’m leaving because I want to. 為什么我要離開?因為我想離開。
as, since用于表示理由是已知,而理由以外才是敘述的重點,兩者皆多用于句首。但要注意:since更重形式,as多表示理由以外才是重點。例如:
Since you have no license, you are not allowed to drive. 因為你沒有駕駛執照,所以你不可以開車。
As it is raining, let’s stay at home. 因為下雨,我們就留在家里吧。
for不用于句首,而用于主句之后,補充說明理由;主句表推測時,要用for說明理由。例如:
I’ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 我會聽從他的勸告,因為他是醫生。
(4)hope與wish
這兩個詞作動詞,都有“希望,期望”之意。
hope與wish后都可接動詞不定式,但wish后還可接“sb. + to do sth. ”的結構,而hope則不可以。如果用hope表達主語希望別人做某事時,后面要接賓語從句。例如:
Jim hopes to get a baby horse for his birthday. 吉姆希望在生日那天能得到一匹小馬。
The little girl hopes her mother will come home from work earlier today. 這個小女孩希望她媽媽能早點下班回家。
My aunt wishes to find her lost watch somewhere. 我姑姑希望在什么地方能找到她丟失的手表。
The little girl wishes her mother to come home from work earlier every day. 這個小女孩希望媽媽每天早點下班回家。
hope表示“說話者以為想要做的事”,通過努力可以實現;而wish常表示“說話者要想做某事”,但不去想可能實現與否,或認為可能性不太大。另外,hope表示“未來可能的希望”,而wish表示“與事實相反的愿望”。例如:
We hope to visit this place again. 我們希望能再度探訪此地。
We hoped to save more money. 我們希望能存更多的錢。
(5) be used for, be used as, be used by, be used to
be used for意為“被用來做……”,介詞for表用途,后面加名詞或動名詞。例如:Stamps are used for sending letters. 郵票是用于寄信的。
be used as.意為“被用作……”,介詞as表示“作為”,后面接名詞。例如:English is also used very widely as a foreign language in many other countries in the world. 在世界上許多國家里,英語也作為一種外語被廣泛使用。
be used by意為“被使用”,介詞by后面接動作的執行者。例如:English is used by travelers and business people all over the world. 世界各地的旅行者和商人都使用英語。
be used to doing sth.意為“習慣做某事”;be used to do sth.“被用來做某事”。例如:
The foreigner has been used to living here.那位外國人已經習慣了居住在這里。
Knives can be used to cut apples.刀可以用來切蘋果。
(6)find out, discover
find out指通過觀察、探索而發現事實的真相。一般指主觀有意識的動作。例如:Think it over, and you’ll find out the way to solve this problem. 仔細考慮,你就會發現解決問題的辦法。
discover指發現的對象是本來存在的,只是以前不知道;也可指發現新奇或意外之物或某種情況。例如:Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥倫布于1492年發現了美洲。
(7)happen與take place
①happen作“發生”講,主要指偶然發生,而且多指整個情況。例如:How did the accident happen? 事故是怎樣發生的?
②take place作“發生”解時較為正式,不帶有偶然之意,并經常用來指經事先安排的事情。例如:“The May Fourth Movement” took place in 1919. “五四運動”發生于1919年。
2.句型分析
(1)If you are looking for entertainment, stay at home and watch TV. 如果你正想找樂趣,就呆在家里看電視。
這是if 引導條件狀語從句。意為“如果,假使”。例如:If you are ill. you must see the doctor. 如果你病了,就必須去看醫生。
在if引導的條件狀語從句或when引導的時間狀語從句中,如果主句是將來時態,從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替將來時。例如:Lucy will see a film, if she has a time. 如果Lucy有時間,她就去看電影。
(2)Be sure to see this exhibition at the Lido Gallery. 一定要看這次在Lido Gallery的展出。
[用法]be sure to do sth.用在祈使句中,不是表示判斷,而是表示對對方的要求,意為“務必要”,“一定要”。例如:Be sure not to forget it!千萬別忘記呀!
由be sure構成的句型有:
①be sure+of/about+動名詞或名詞,意為“確信……”;“對……有把握”。例如: He is sure of success. 他自信會成功的。
但是如果后面要接反身代詞時,則只能用be sure of,即be sure of oneself,意為“有自信心”。例如:Joan will have an examination next week, but she is not sure of herself. 瓊下周要參加一個考試,但她對自己沒有十分把握。
②be sure+不定式,意為“必定”、“必然會”、“準會”。例如:It is sure to rain. 天一定會下雨。
③be sure+賓語從句,意為“確信某事一定會……”。例如:I’m not sure whether I’ve met him before. 我不能確定以前是否見到過他。
(3) For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Singapore? 你為什么不考慮到新加坡度下一次假呢?
consider意為“考慮、細想”。其常用于下列句型:
①consider + 從句。例如:Li Lei began to consider how he could pass the exam. 李雷開始考慮如何通過這次考試。
②consider + doing sth 例如:I am considering changing my job. 我正考慮換個工作。
③consider + sth(名詞)。例如:You should consider the matter very well. 你要好好考慮這件事。
(4)Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spending time doing what I love to do. 關于幫助別人,我不但感覺很好,而且我開始花時間做我喜歡做的事。
not only … but also意為“不但……而且”,其中also可以省略。它的用法如下:
①它可以連接句子的主語、謂語、表語、賓語等,強調but also引出的內容。當用來連接主語時,謂語應與最近的主語保持一致。例如: I went to see not only him but also his brother. 我不僅是去看他,而且去看他的弟弟。 (連接賓語)
Not only the students but also their teacher likes football. 不僅學生們喜歡足球,老師也喜歡。(連接主語,謂語likes與teacher的人稱和數保持一致)
She can not only sing but also dance. 她不但會唱歌而且會跳舞。(連接謂語)
②當Not only位于句首時,前一個分句倒裝,即謂語或部分謂語提到主語前面。但連接并列主語時除外。例如:Not only did he come, but also he was very happy. 他不但來了,而且很高興。
(5)Although tea wasn’t brought to the western world until 1610, ……。盡管西方世界直到1610年才有茶葉,……。
although意為“雖然……,(但是)……”,用作從屬連詞,引導讓步狀語從句。although(雖然)與but(但是)不能同時用。另外在英語句子中,because與so,little, few與no都不能同時出現在一個句子中。例如:①Although he is very old, he still works hard. =He is very old, but he still works hard. 他雖然年紀很大,但是他仍然努力工作。
②Because Kate got up very late, she missed the train. = Kate got up very late, so she missed the train. 因為Kate起床很玩,所以她沒趕上火車。
我們可以把這種用法簡記為:用because不用so,用but不用though;有了few或little,句中也不出現no。
(6)Walles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story. Walles(說的)很確信,因此有數百人都相信這個故事。
so+形容詞或副詞+that ...引導結果狀語從句。意思是“如此……以致于……”。例如:When the football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out. 當球迷們看到貝克漢姆的時候,他們如此激動以致于大喊大叫。
“so … that”結構可以用 “too…to”結構或者 “…enough to…”結構來替換,從而把一個復合句變成簡單句。方法有:
①如果that從句是肯定的,一般用enough to 改寫。如:
The ice here is so thick that we can skate on it.
→The ice here is thick enough to skate on.
②如果that從句是否定的,一般用too…to結構改寫。如:
David was so careless that he didn’t find the mistakes in his test paper.
→David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper.
當主句和從句的主語不一致時,要在不定式前加上邏輯主語for sb.。例如:
The problem is so hard that I can’t work it out.
→The problem is too hard for me to work out.
●解讀高頻考題
1.【原文】I love singers who write their own music.我喜歡自己寫音樂的歌手。
【考例】--- Do you know the lady _____ is interviewing our headmaster?
--- Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.(2004遼寧大連實驗區)
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
【解讀】所填寫的詞引導定語從句,在從句中又作主語,排除C、D項。先行詞為lady,應用關系代詞who,因為which不能指人。答案為B。
2.【原文】Few have stranger names than this band.幾乎沒有比這個樂隊更奇怪的名字了。
【考例】A lot of girls have tried, but _____ have passed the exam.(2004烏魯木齊)
A. a few B. few C. a little D. little
【解讀】 a few, few修飾可數名詞的復數;a little, little修飾不可數名詞,根據句子意思排除C、D項。又因為有表示轉折的連詞but,說明上下句是轉折關系,所以應用表示否定的few填空。答案為B。
3.【原文】I’m having a great time in Hong Kong, although I have to be honest and say that I prefer Shanghai.雖然我不得誠實地說我比較喜歡上海,但是我在香港玩得很高興。
【考例】--- How do you like the concert given by the “Foxy Ladies”?
--- Exciting, _____ one piece of the music wasn’t played quite well.(2004安徽)
A. so B. though C. because D. and
【解讀】連詞although和though可以互換,意思為“雖然”。所給句子的意思為“雖然有一首音樂沒有演奏好,但還是激動人心的”,所以應用連詞though。答案為B。
4.【原文】I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course.我很幸運在這里學了六個月的英語。
【考例】My brother has a _____ son.(2004湖南益陽)
A. four-years-old B. fourth-year-old C. four-year-old D. four-year-olds
【解讀】six-month和four-year-old都是復合形容詞作定語,中間的名詞不能用復數形式。所以答案為C。
5.【原文】Some people say they’re boring, others say they’re great.一些人說他們很乏味,另一些人說他們很好看。
【考例】--- How about the movie you saw yesterday?
--- Some people think it’s boring, _____ think it’s exciting.(2004北京)
A. others B. other C. each D. another
【解讀】some… others…意思為“一些……,另一些……”,是固定搭配。other一般作形容詞,后面要跟名詞;each強調個體,指每一個;another指另一個。所以答案為A。
6.【原文】Why not consider visiting Singapore?為什么不考慮參觀新加坡?
【考例】(句子翻譯)為什么不早點來學校?(2004湖南婁底)
_____ _____ come to school earlier?
【解讀】why not do sth意思為“為什么不做某事”。所以此題的答案為Why not。
7.【原文】…, but there are many things to do.……但是有很多事情要做。
【考例】--- Shopping with me?
--- Sorry. I have a lot of clothes _____.(2004南昌)
A. to wash B. washed C. wash D. to be washed
【解讀】不定式作定語時,一般放在被修飾詞的后面。wash和被修飾詞clothes存在邏輯上的動賓關系,但句子的主語和動詞 wash又有邏輯上的主謂關系,所以不用不定式的被動。答案為A。
8.【原文】It is easiest to get around the city by subway.乘坐地鐵觀光這個城市最容易。
【考例】(動詞形式填空)We are students. It is our duty _____(study) hard.(2004貴陽)
【解讀】不定式作主語時,往往用形式主語it代替,而把不定式放后面。所以此題答案為to study。
9.【原文】I want to go somewhere really cool.我想去涼爽的地方去。
【考例】We want _____ a trip to Guilin this summer vacation.(2004甘肅)
A. take B. takes C. taking D. to take
【解讀】有些動詞后面要用動詞不定式作賓語,如:hope, plan, decide, want, would like等。本題答案為D。
10.【原文】You need to pack warm clothes if you go there.如果你去那里(上海),你必須裝一些暖衣。
【考例】 I’m not sure if it _____ tomorrow. If it _____, we won’t climb the South Hill.(2004西寧)
A. will snow; snows B. will snow; will snow C. snows; snows D. snows; will snow
【解讀】連詞if可以引導賓語從句或條件狀語從句。如果引導條件狀語從句,若主句中用一般將來時,if引導從句應用一般現在時。在本題中,第二個if引導條件從句,所以答案在A、C之間選擇。又因為第一個if引導賓語從句,時間狀語為表示將來的tomorrow,所以時態為一般將來。答案為A。
11.【原文】 No, we can’t put off making a plan.不行,我們不能推遲制定計劃。
【考例】Our sports meeting has been _____ till next Monday because of the bad weather.
A. put on B. put up C. put off D. put down(2004南京)
【解讀】動詞put后面跟不同的副詞時,意思不同。put on意為“穿上”;put up“舉起”;put off“推遲”;put down“放下”。根據句子意思的要求,此題答案為C。
12.【原文】On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.星期一他告訴點播臺記者,為了買舊的自行車他花光了錢。
【考例】--- What do you usually do _____ Sundays?
--- We enjoy ourselves at the guitar club.(2004北京)
A. in B. at C. on D. of
【解讀】在表示星期的名詞前面用介詞on。
13.【原文】In fact, there are many ways.事實上有很多方法。
【考例】(句子翻譯)事實上,我并不介意你所說的話。(2004湖南湘潭)
_____ _____, I don’t mind what you said.
【解讀】in fact是一個固定詞組,意思為“實際上;事實上”。根據漢語意思,此題答案為In fact。
14.【原文】An hour later, the mother saw the two boys playing.一個小時以后,這位媽媽看見這兩個孩子在玩耍。
【考例】When they went into the park, they saw someone _____ Chinese Kongfu.(2004黑龍江)
A. plays B. played C. to play D. playing
【解讀】動詞see后面可以用省略to的不定式作賓補,構成詞組see sb. do sth.“看見某人做某事”;也可以用動詞的現在分詞作賓補,即see sb. doing sth.“看見某人在做某事”。根據句子的意思和句子結構,本題答案為D。
15.【原文】Although tea wasn’t brought to the Western world until 1610.盡管茶葉到1610年才被帶到西方世界。
【考例】It was a very long day for Jack. He didn’t get home from school _____ six o’clock.
A. since B. to C. by D. until(2004杭州)
【解讀】句型not… until意為“直到……才”,not后常用短暫性動詞。本句的意思為“他(Jack)直到六點才從學校到家。”答案為D。
16.【原文】The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell.這位皇帝注意到水里的葉子發出一種好聞的味道。
【考例】(用所給詞的適當形式填空)A big ship for another country _____(produce) in Dalian last year.(2004遼寧大連實驗區)
【解讀】動詞produce意思為“生產;制造;產生”,根據句子的意思,應用被動語態,時間狀語是表示過去的last year,應用一般過去時的被動。答案為was produced。
17.【原文】And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented.用這樣的方法,世界上一種著名的飲料被發明了。
【考例】(改錯)Yantai is one of the most beautiful city in Shandong.(2004山東煙臺)
A B C D
【解讀】one of后面跟可數名詞的復數,意思為“……中的一個”。D項是錯的,應改寫為cities。
18.【原文】I prefer lemons to oranges.比起橘子我更喜歡檸檬。
【考例】---Which do you prefer, English _____ science?
--- I prefer English _____ science.(2004四川資陽)
A. or; to B. to; to C. to; or D. or; than
【解讀】在兩者之間進行選擇,一般用or連接;prefer…to…“比起……更喜歡……”也是固定搭配。答案為A。
19.【原文】By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.我出來時,汽車已經開走了。
【考例】--- Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday? --- Because I _____ it before.(2004山東煙臺)
A. had watched B. have seen C. have watched D. had seen
【解密】過去完成時是表示過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作,根據句子意思,應該是在昨天之前看過,所以答案在A、D之間選擇。“看電影”一般用see表示。答案為D。
20.【原文】She had left her backpack at home.她把書包忘在家里了。
【考例】--- Why don’t you have a notebook with you?
--- I’ve _____ it at home.(山東煙臺)
A. lost B. forgotten C. left D. found
【解讀】表示“把某東西忘在什么地方”應用動詞 leave;forget往往構成詞組forget to do sth,表示“忘記做某事”。根據句子的意思,答案為C。
21.【原文】Can you think of any differences between British and American English?你能想出英國英語與美國英語的不同點嗎?
【考例】(用所給詞的適當形式填空)Do you know the _____(different) between the two words?(2004山東煙臺)
【解讀】different是形容詞,意思為“不同的”,本題句子的意思為“你知道這兩個單詞的不同點嗎?”,應用名詞形式填空。different的名詞為difference。所以答案為difference或differences。
22.【原文】…, or a quarter of the world’s population uses English.或者說世界人口的四分之一用英語。
【考例】(找同義詞)One-fourth of the students in our class are fans of F4.(2004新疆建設兵團)
A. Several B. Some C. A lot of D. A quarter
【解讀】quarter意思為1/4,相當于one-fourth。所以本題答案為D。
23.【原文】…, and as many as one billion people are learning it.并且有十億人在學英語。
【考例】I don’t believe the young man could run _____ fast _____ 20 kilometres an hour.
A. as; as B. as; like C. much; as D. so; like(2004廣東)
【解讀】 as…as“……和……一樣”,是固定詞組,中間可以用形容詞或副詞,也可以用有形容詞修飾的名詞。本題答案為A。