英語長句的分析方法是什么?
1)找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語,即句子的主干結(jié)構;
2)找出句中所有的謂語結(jié)構、非謂語結(jié)構、介詞短語和從句的引導詞;
3)分析從句和短語的功能,例如,是否為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或狀語從句等;以及詞,短語和從句之間的關系;
4)分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配、插入語等其他成分。
長句翻譯的步驟舉例: 經(jīng)典例題470
In Africa I met a boy,who was crying as if his heart would break and said,when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
分析:
第一,拆分句子:這個長句可以拆分為四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days.
第二,句子的結(jié)構分析:
(1)主干結(jié)構是主語+過去式+賓語:I met a boy…。
(2)crying后面是壯語從句“as if his heart would break”。
(3)“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之間的插入語。 第三,難點部分的處理:“crying as if his heart would break”應譯為“哭得傷心極了”。
參考譯文 在非洲,我遇到一個小孩,他哭得傷心極了,我問他時,他說他餓了,兩天沒有吃飯了。 一般來說,長句的翻譯有順序法、逆序法、分譯法和綜合法四種。現(xiàn)將各種方法